Recently, we told you about New Bedford, the whaling capital of the world before the discovery of petroleum made whale oil virtually obsolete and sent the Massachusetts city into steep decline.
That was a century ago, but now the pattern has re-emerged up the Massachusetts coast in Gloucester, America's oldest fishing port. Its prime catch was not whales. It was groundfish: cod, haddock, and flounder - that swim atop the giant Georges Bank sandbar way out in the Atlantic Ocean.
Thirty years ago, more than 500 boats brought their catches into Gloucester each afternoon. The number is one-third that now.
The decline is due in part to overfishing, which led to a blizzard of regulations intended to save whitefish like cod and yellowtail flounder from virtual extinction. The Gloucester fleet must now live with restricted fishing grounds and rules requiring nets with a larger mesh that allow little fish to escape to spawn another day.
Unemployment in Gloucester runs right about the national average of 10 percent but is much higher on the docks. Dozens of repair shops, and fish cleaning and packing plants have simply gone out of business.
New Englanders still savor their cod cakes, baked haddock and fried flounder, but a majority of these fish are now caught by Canadians or Norwegians. Gloucester's fishing crew, which is aging without much prospect of attracting younger recruits, is mostly reduced to catching species considered unappetizing here at home. Dogfish, for instance, go to Britain for fish and chips. Massachusetts squid are a delicacy in Asia. And Koreans not only love Gloucester eels; they also skin them to make wallets.